The findings and conclusions of the Phase II ESA are summarized as follows: � Range 1 Soil: A total of one (1) PCB, one (1) TEH, seventeen (17) PAHs, nineteen (19) VOCs, and seven (7) RCRA metals detected in Range 1 soil and seven (7) PCBs and one (1) VOC reported as non-detect concentrations above applicable SWSs. Results for total PCBs, waste oil, benzo(a)pyrene, 1,2,3-trichloropropane, arsenic, and lead are reported at concentrations or non-detect concentrations above SWSs at multiple sample locations. Range 2 Soil: No samples were collected from Range 2 soil as part of this assessment due to field observations per the Phase II Sampling Plan. � Groundwater: One (1) TEH, two (2) PAHs, thirteen (13) VOCs, and three (3) RCRA metals were detected above laboratory reporting limits or were reported at nondetect values that exceed applicable SWSs. All concentrations of reported PAHs and RCRA metals were below applicable SWSs. Waste oil, benzene, and tetrachloroethene were detected at concentrations above applicable SWSs and 1,2- dibromo-3-chloropropane, 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 1,2,3- trichloropropane were reported as non-detect values above applicable SWSs. Vapor Intrusion: Fourteen (14) compounds detected in groundwater including two (2) PAHs and twelve (12) VOCs are sufficiently volatile and sufficiently toxic to present a vapor intrusion risk. Thirteen (13) of these compounds were evaluated using the Johnson & Ettinger Vapor Intrusion Model for Forward Calculation of Indoor Air Concentration with one (1) compound that was not available to model in this program. The vapor intrusion risk is included in the Cumulative Risk Evaluation findings. The calculated results for this media indicate that vapor intrusion alone does not pose a risk on this site. Cumulative risk is discussed below. Cumulative Risk Evaluation: Cumulative cancer risk for a site resident and a site worker and non-cancer risk for a site resident, site worker, and construction worker are unacceptable. Cumulative cancer risk for a construction worker is acceptable. These risk assessment results consider redevelopment on the subject property for a slab-on-grade building; risk assessment calculations for a basement structure can be found in Section 4.3 of this report and does not change the cumulative risk evaluation findings from a slab-on-grade building. The unacceptable cancer and non-cancer determinations for site resident, site worker, and construction worker are driven by Range 1 contaminant concentrations. PCBs, benzo(a)pyrene, waste oil, arsenic, lead, and VOC concentrations are the primary contaminants driving the unacceptable cancer risk. PCBs, waste oil, RCRA metals, PAHs, and VOC concentrations are responsible for the unacceptable cancer risk determination. The City of Dubuque has an ordinance (Section No. 16-11-20) that prevents the installation of private wells unless public water is not available. This requires permit approval by the County�s Health Department. Further, no wells may be installed within 500 feet of a LUST site. QEP recommended that the findings of this report be provided to the City of Dubuque�s Water Department for their records. QEP also recommended notifying the County�s Health Department of the groundwater results contained in this Phase II ESA, to prevent the installation of new wells on the subject property or on adjacent properties. This action will sever the groundwater ingestion pathway for the subject property. The results of this study indicate that shallow soil impact across the subject property presents an unacceptable risk to site occupants and construction personnel without remediation of shallow soil. Additional investigation to delineate the identified contamination should be completed to identify the extent of soil impacts. Remediation of shallow soil or implementation or engineering or institutional controls (environmental covenant, engineered clean soil barrier with geo-membrane vap